Abstract

Precision agriculture increasingly depends on real-time monitoring and automation to enhance crop yield and reduce resource waste. Traditional irrigation systems either overuse or underutilize water due to lack of real-time sensing and decision-making, leading to poor water resource management. This research proposes a real-time embedded system using a NodeMCU ESP8266 microcontroller integrated with DHT11 (humidity and temperature), soil moisture sensors, and a solenoid valve to implement smart irrigation. The algorithm evaluates sensor data to trigger irrigation only when soil moisture falls below a defined threshold. Simulations in the Proteus environment and real-time tests demonstrated a 38.5% water savings and a 24.2% increase in yield efficiency compared to traditional systems. The proposed system also outperformed existing fuzzy logic and timer-based irrigation systems in energy efficiency and response time.

Authors

R. Amudha¹, M.S. Kavitha², S. Karthik³, Yung Chuan Chiang⁴
Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, India¹, SNS College of Technology, India^2,3, Andes Technology Corporation, Taiwan⁴

Keywords

Smart Irrigation, IoT, Real-Time Embedded System, ESP8266, Precision Agriculture